Hypnosis secara perlahan telah menunjukkan keberadaannya seiring dengan semakin meningkatnya penerimaan pada dunia medis. Hypnosis banyak digunakan dibidang seperti pengobatan dan olahraga untuk mengubah mekanisme otak manusia dalam menginterprestasikan pengalaman dan menghasilkan perubahan pada persepsi dan tingkah laku. Aplikasi hypnosis untuk tujuan perbaikan (therapeutic) dikenal sebagai hypnotherapy.
Hypnotherapy telah terbukti memiliki beragam kegunaan untuk mengatasi berbagai permasalahan yang berkenaan dengan emosi dan perilaku. Bahkan beberapa kasus medis serius seperti kanker dan serangan jantung, hypnotherapy mempercepat pemulihan kondisi seorang penderita. Hal ini sangat dimungkinkan karena hypnotherapy diarahkan untuk meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh dan memprogram ulang penyikapan individu terhadap penyakit yang dideritanya.
Hypnosis sangat berguna dalam mengatasi beragam kasus berkenaan dengan kecemasan, ketegangan, depresi, phobia dan dapat membantu untuk menghilangkan kebiasaan buruk seperti ketergantungan pada rokok, alkohol dan obat-obatan. Dengan memberi sugesti, seseorang terapis dapat membangun berbagai kondisi emosional positif berkenaan dengan menjadi seorang bukan perokok dan penolakan terhadap rasa ataupun aroma rokok.
Khusus untuk phobia, hypnotherapy digunakan untuk mereduksi kecemasan yang mengambil alih kontrol individu atas dirinya. Hal ini dapat diwujudkan dengan menciptakan suatu gambaran nyata tentang kondisi yang menyebabkan phobia namun individu tetap dalam kondisi relax, sehingga membantu mereka untuk menyesuaikan ulang reaksi mereka pada kondisi yang menyebabkan phobia menjadi normal dan respon yang lebih tenang.
Hypnotherapy dapat digunakan untuk membawa orang mundur ke masa lampau atau Past Life Regression untuk mengobati trauma dengan memberikan kesempatan untuk merubah “fokus” perhatian. Salah satu Hypnotherapist yang expert di bidang ini adalah Nathalia Sunaidi C.Ht, penulis buku Journey to My Past Lives.
Hypnotherapy juga dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan optimalitas pembelajaran. Berkaitan dengan pembelajaran, hypnotherapy dapat aplikasikan untuk meningkatkan daya ingat, kreativitas, fokus, merubuhkan tembok batasan mental (self limiting mental block) dan lainnya Hypnotherapy akan lebih berdaya guna lebih optimal jika dipadukan dengan media terapi lainnya, seperti NLP (Neuro Linguistic Programming) , EFT (Emotional Freedom Therapy) dan lainnya.
Contoh terapi sukses dalam hypnotherapy yang menggunakan NLP (Neuro Linguistic Programming), adalah terapi / hypnotherapy Gagap bicara baik dalam bahasa Indonesia maupun bahasa Inggris, yang telah diselenggarakan pada sebuah Klinik Hipnoterapi Gagap di Bandung.
Senin, 01 Maret 2010
Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat atau Keraton Yogyakarta merupakan istana resmi Kesultanan Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat yang kini berlokasi di Kota Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Walaupun kesultanan tersebut secara resmi telah menjadi bagian Republik Indonesia pada tahun 1950, kompleks bangunan keraton ini masih berfungsi sebagai tempat tinggal sultan dan rumah tangga istananya yang masih menjalankan tradisi kesultanan hingga saat ini. Keraton ini kini juga merupakan salah satu objek wisata di Kota Yogyakarta. Sebagian kompleks keraton merupakan museum yang menyimpan berbagai koleksi milik kesultanan, termasuk berbagai pemberian dari raja-raja Eropa, replika pusaka keraton, dan gamelan. Dari segi bangunannya, keraton ini merupakan salah satu contoh arsitektur istana Jawa yang terbaik, memiliki balairung-balairung mewah dan lapangan serta paviliun yang luas.
Keraton Yogyakarta mulai didirikan oleh Sultan Hamengku Buwono I beberapa bulan pasca Perjanjian Giyanti di tahun 1755. Lokasi keraton ini konon adalah bekas sebuah pesanggarahan yang bernama Garjitawati. Pesanggrahan ini digunakan untuk istirahat iring-iringan jenazah raja-raja Mataram (Kartasura dan Surakarta) yang akan dimakamkan di Imogiri. Versi lain menyebutkan lokasi keraton merupakan sebuah mata air, Umbul Pacethokan, yang ada di tengah hutan Beringan. Sebelum menempati Keraton Yogyakarta, Sultan Hamengku Buwono I berdiam di Pesanggrahan Ambar Ketawang yang sekarang termasuk wilayah Kecamatan Gamping Kabupaten Sleman.
Secara fisik istana para Sultan Yogyakarta memiliki tujuh kompleks inti yaitu Siti Hinggil Ler (Balairung Utara), Kamandhungan Ler (Kamandhungan Utara), Sri Manganti, Kedhaton, Kamagangan, Kamandhungan Kidul (Kamandhungan Selatan), dan Siti Hinggil Kidul (Balairung Selatan) Selain itu Keraton Yogyakarta memiliki berbagai warisan budaya baik yang berbentuk upacara maupun benda-benda kuno dan bersejarah. Di sisi lain, Keraton Yogyakarta juga merupakan suatu lembaga adat lengkap dengan pemangku adatnya. Oleh karenanya tidaklah mengherankan jika nilai-nilai filosofi begitu pula mitologi menyelubungi Keraton Yogyakarta.
Keraton Yogyakarta mulai didirikan oleh Sultan Hamengku Buwono I beberapa bulan pasca Perjanjian Giyanti di tahun 1755. Lokasi keraton ini konon adalah bekas sebuah pesanggarahan yang bernama Garjitawati. Pesanggrahan ini digunakan untuk istirahat iring-iringan jenazah raja-raja Mataram (Kartasura dan Surakarta) yang akan dimakamkan di Imogiri. Versi lain menyebutkan lokasi keraton merupakan sebuah mata air, Umbul Pacethokan, yang ada di tengah hutan Beringan. Sebelum menempati Keraton Yogyakarta, Sultan Hamengku Buwono I berdiam di Pesanggrahan Ambar Ketawang yang sekarang termasuk wilayah Kecamatan Gamping Kabupaten Sleman.
Secara fisik istana para Sultan Yogyakarta memiliki tujuh kompleks inti yaitu Siti Hinggil Ler (Balairung Utara), Kamandhungan Ler (Kamandhungan Utara), Sri Manganti, Kedhaton, Kamagangan, Kamandhungan Kidul (Kamandhungan Selatan), dan Siti Hinggil Kidul (Balairung Selatan) Selain itu Keraton Yogyakarta memiliki berbagai warisan budaya baik yang berbentuk upacara maupun benda-benda kuno dan bersejarah. Di sisi lain, Keraton Yogyakarta juga merupakan suatu lembaga adat lengkap dengan pemangku adatnya. Oleh karenanya tidaklah mengherankan jika nilai-nilai filosofi begitu pula mitologi menyelubungi Keraton Yogyakarta.
encyclopedia britannica
The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "the British Encyclopædia") is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., a privately held company. The articles in the Britannica are aimed at educated adult readers, and written by a staff of about 100 full-time editors and more than 4,000 expert contributors. It is widely regarded as the most scholarly of encyclopaedias.
The Britannica is the oldest English-language encyclopædia still in print. It was first published between 1768 and 1771 in Edinburgh, Scotland, and quickly grew in popularity and size, with its third edition (1797) and supplement (1801) reaching 20 volumes together. Its rising stature helped in recruiting eminent contributors, and the 9th edition (1875–1889) and the 11th edition (1911) are regarded as landmark encyclopaedias for scholarship and literary style. Beginning with the 11th edition, the Britannica gradually shortened and simplified its articles in order to broaden its North American market. In 1933, the Britannica became the first encyclopaedia to adopt a "continuous revision" policy, in which the encyclopaedia is continually reprinted and every article is updated on a regular schedule.
The current 15th edition has a unique three-part structure: a 12-volume Micropædia of short articles (generally having fewer than 750 words), a 17-volume Macropædia of long articles (having from two to 310 pages) and a single Propædia volume intended to give a hierarchical outline of human knowledge. The Micropædia is meant for quick fact-checking and as a guide to the Macropædia; readers are advised to study the Propædia outline to understand a subject's context and to find other, more detailed articles. The size of the Britannica has remained roughly constant over the past 70 years, with about 40 million words on half a million topics. Although publication has been based in the United States since 1901, the Britannica has maintained its traditional British spelling.
Over the course of its history, the Britannica has had difficulty remaining profitable a problem faced by many encyclopaedias. Some articles in certain earlier editions of the Britannica have been criticised for inaccuracy, bias, or unqualified contributors. The accuracy in parts of the present edition has likewise been questioned, although such criticisms have been challenged by Britannica's management.Despite these criticisms, the Britannica retains its reputation as a reliable research tool.
The Britannica is the oldest English-language encyclopædia still in print. It was first published between 1768 and 1771 in Edinburgh, Scotland, and quickly grew in popularity and size, with its third edition (1797) and supplement (1801) reaching 20 volumes together. Its rising stature helped in recruiting eminent contributors, and the 9th edition (1875–1889) and the 11th edition (1911) are regarded as landmark encyclopaedias for scholarship and literary style. Beginning with the 11th edition, the Britannica gradually shortened and simplified its articles in order to broaden its North American market. In 1933, the Britannica became the first encyclopaedia to adopt a "continuous revision" policy, in which the encyclopaedia is continually reprinted and every article is updated on a regular schedule.
The current 15th edition has a unique three-part structure: a 12-volume Micropædia of short articles (generally having fewer than 750 words), a 17-volume Macropædia of long articles (having from two to 310 pages) and a single Propædia volume intended to give a hierarchical outline of human knowledge. The Micropædia is meant for quick fact-checking and as a guide to the Macropædia; readers are advised to study the Propædia outline to understand a subject's context and to find other, more detailed articles. The size of the Britannica has remained roughly constant over the past 70 years, with about 40 million words on half a million topics. Although publication has been based in the United States since 1901, the Britannica has maintained its traditional British spelling.
Over the course of its history, the Britannica has had difficulty remaining profitable a problem faced by many encyclopaedias. Some articles in certain earlier editions of the Britannica have been criticised for inaccuracy, bias, or unqualified contributors. The accuracy in parts of the present edition has likewise been questioned, although such criticisms have been challenged by Britannica's management.Despite these criticisms, the Britannica retains its reputation as a reliable research tool.
Monalisa Painting
Mona Lisa (also known as La Gioconda or La Joconde), often called the Mona Lisa, is a 16th century portrait painted in oil on a poplar panel in Florence by Leonardo da Vinci during the Italian Renaissance. The work is owned by the Government of France and is on the wall in the Louvre in Paris, France with the title Portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo.[1] It is perhaps the most famous and iconic painting in the world.
The painting is a half-length portrait and depicts a woman whose facial expression is often described as enigmatic. The ambiguity of the sitter's expression, the monumentality of the half-figure composition, and the subtle modeling of forms and atmospheric illusionism were novel qualities that have contributed to the painting's continuing fascination. It is probably the most famous painting that has ever been stolen from the Louvre and recovered. Few other works of art have been subject to as much scrutiny, study, mythologizing, and parody. A charcoal and graphite study of the Mona Lisa attributed to Leonardo is in the Hyde Collection, in Glens Falls, NY.
The painting is a half-length portrait and depicts a woman whose facial expression is often described as enigmatic. The ambiguity of the sitter's expression, the monumentality of the half-figure composition, and the subtle modeling of forms and atmospheric illusionism were novel qualities that have contributed to the painting's continuing fascination. It is probably the most famous painting that has ever been stolen from the Louvre and recovered. Few other works of art have been subject to as much scrutiny, study, mythologizing, and parody. A charcoal and graphite study of the Mona Lisa attributed to Leonardo is in the Hyde Collection, in Glens Falls, NY.
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